After falling asleep, the brain needs grandpas best to detach from waking activity and reorganize into a functionally distinct state.A functional MRI (fMRI) study has recently revealed that the transition to unconsciousness induced by propofol involves a global decline of brain activity followed by a transient reduction in cortico-subcortical coupl
The aim of this article is to delineate a comprehensive account of the development of human civilization in terms of increasingly representative structures of governance, structures that make people more and more present on the upper echelons of decision-making.I hypothesize that there are three essential dimensions of this development: first, medi
Lipid transfer between organelles requires proteins that shield the hydrophobic portions of lipids as they cross the cytoplasm.In the last decade a new structural form of lipid transfer protein (LTP) has been found: long hydrophobic grooves made of beta-sheet that bridge between organelles at membrane contact sites.Eukaryotes have five families of
It goes without saying that, dispersive soil might cause some geotechnical problems, although, in geo-environmental project, they could be used as an excellent contaminant absorbent due to their higher surface area and well exposed clay particles to soil pore fluid.Because of this environmental application, using disperse clay is common in many lan
Abstract Background An important component of time course microarray studies is the identification of genes that demonstrate significant time-dependent variation in their expression levels.Until recently, available methods for performing such significance tests required replicates of individual time points.This paper describes a replicate-free meth